Welcome to
Frederick Leong WEBSITE
Dr. Frederick Leong is a Professor of Applied Psychology in the School of Humanities and Social Science at the Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen. He was a Professor of Psychology from Michigan State University (2006-2021) where he also served as the Director of the Consortium for Multicultural Psychology Research. He has authored or co-authored over 300 journal articles and book chapters. He has edited or co-edited 15 handbooks and 13 books. He is Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Counseling (Sage Publications), APA Handbook of Multicultural Psychology and the APA Handbook of Psychotherapy (APA Books). Dr. Leong is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, Association for Psychological Science, Asian American Psychological Association, and the International Association of Applied Psychology. He is the Founding Editor of the Asian American Journal of Psychology and also served as Associate Editor of the Archives of Scientific Psychology and the American Psychologist.
According to Google Scholar, his research has been cited 24,619 times with an h-index of 88. With a Google h-index of 88 and an i10-index of 223, AD Scientific Index has ranked him among the top 3% of researchers in the world. https://www.adscientificindex.com/scientist/frederick-leong/1385592
Similarly, the Stanford University project that identifies the world’s top scientists has also listed him among the top 2% of scientists in the world in 2021. https://ecebm.com/2022/10/11/stanford-university-names-worlds-top-2-scientists-2022/ He was recently listed among the best psychology scientists (rank 848 out of 1000) in the United States by Research.com based on a D index of 73. With the same D Index of 73, he is ranked 6th among the best psychology scientist in China: https://research.com/scientists-rankings/psychology/cn
1) Books
Genkova, P., Ringeisen, T., & Leong, F.T. L. (Editors) (2013). Handbook of Culture and Stress (German volume: Handbuch Stress und Kultur). Wiesbaden, Germany: VS Verlag
Leong, F.T.L., (Editor-in-Chief), Comaz-Diaz, L., Hall, G.N., McLoyd, V., & Trimble, J. E. (Associated Editors) (2014). APA Handbook of Multicultural Psychology (2 volumes). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Leong, F.T.L., Bartram, D., Cheung, F.M., Geisinger, K., & Iliescu, D. (Editors) (2016). ITC International Handbook of Testing and Assessment. New York: Oxford University Press. Received the Ursula Gielen Global Psychology Book Award, APA Division 52 (International Psychology), 2017.
Zane, N. Bernal, G. & Leong, F.T.L. (Editors) (2016). Evidence-Based Psychological Practice with Ethnic Minorities: Cultural Informed Research and Clinical Strategies. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Leong, F.T.L., Eggerth, D., Chang, D., Flynn, M., Ford, K. & Martinez, R. (Editors) (2017). Occupational Health Disparities: Improving the Well-Being of Ethnic and Racial Minority Workers. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Genkova, P., Ringeisen, T., and Leong, F.T.L., (Editors) (2020) Handbuch Stress und Kultur: Interkulturelle und kulturvergleichende perspektiven cultural (Second edition). Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH. (GERMAN).
Walsh, W. B., Flores, L.Y., Hartung, P.J. and Leong, F.T.L. (Editors) (2023). Career Psychology: Models, Concepts, and Counseling for Meaningful Employment. Washington, D.C. American Psychological Association.
Leong, F.T. L. & Austin, J.A. (Eidtors.). (in press). Psychology Research Handbook: A guide for graduate students and research assistants (Third edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications
Leong, F.T.L., (Editor-in-Chief), Constantino, M., Zimmerman, J., Callahan, J., & Eubanks, C., (Associated Editors) (in press). APA Handbook of Psychotherapy (2 volumes). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Leong, F.T.L., Bernal, G. & Buchanan, N. (Editors) (in press). Clinical Psychology of Ethnic
2) Chapters
Leong. F.T.L., Holliday, B.G., Trimble, J.E., Padilla, A. & McCubbin, L. (2013). Ethnic Minority Psychology. In Donald K. Freedheim (Volume Editor) & Irving B. Weiners (Editor-in-Chief) Handbook of Psychology, Volume One: History of Psychology (pp. 530-561). New York: Wiley.
Leong. F.T.L., Kalibatseva, Z. & Park, Y.S. (2013). Evaluating Measurement Equivalence in Cross-Cultural Stress Research. In Petia Genkova, Tobias Ringeisen, and Frederick T. L. Leong’s (Editors) Handbuch Stress und Kultur: Interkulturelle und kulturvergleichende perspektiven cultural (pp. 173-188). Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH. (GERMAN).
Leach, M.M., Leong. F.T.L., Inman, A., & Ciftci, A. (2013). National origin, national values and cultural congruence. In Rodney L. Lowman’s (Editors). Internationalizing Multiculturalism: Expanding Professional Competencies in a Globalized World (pp. 83-108). Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Leong. F.T.L. & Kalibatseva, Z. (2013). Clinical research with culturally diverse populations. In Jonathan S. Comer & Philip C. Kendall’s (Editors). Oxford Handbook of Research Strategies for Clinical Psychology (pp. 413-433). New York: Oxford University Press.
Leong. F.T.L. & Flores, L. (2013). Multicultural Perspectives in Vocational Psychology In W. Bruce Walsh, Mark Savickas, and Paul Hartung’s (Eds). Handbook of Vocational Psychology (pp. 53-80). New York: Routledge
Leong, F.T.L., Leach, M. M., & Kalibatseva, K. (2013). Suicide among racial-ethnic minorities: Implications for research and practice. In Freddy A. Paniagua & Ann Marie Yamada’s (Editors) (2013). Handbook of Multicultural Mental Health: Assessment and Treatment of Diverse Population (2nd Edition). New York: Elsevier
Leong, F.T.L., Park, Y.S., & Leach, M. M. (2013). Ethics in psychological testing and assessment. In K.F. Geisinger (Editor) APA Handbook of Testing and Assessment Volume 1 (pp. 265-282). Washington, D.C.: APA Books
Leong. F.T.L.(2014). Introduction. In Frederick T.L. Leong’s (Editor-in-Chief). APA Handbook of Multicultural Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Leong. F.T.L., Hartung, P.J. & Pearce, M. (2014). Work and Career Development: Theory and Research. In Frederick T.L. Leong’s (Editor-in-Chief). APA Handbook of Multicultural Psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Leong, F.T.L. & Pearce, M. (2014). Indigenous models of career development and vocational psychology. In Gideon Arulmani, Anuradha J. Bakshi, Frederick T.L. Leong, & Anthony Watts (Editors). Handbook of Career Development: International Perspectives. New York: Springer.
Arulmani, G., Bakshi, A. J., Leong, F.T.L. & Watts, A. (2014). Introduction to the volume. In Gideon Arulmani, Anuradha J. Bakshi, Frederick T.L. Leong, & Anthony Watts (Editors). Handbook of Career Development: International Perspectives. New York: Springer.
Leong, F.T.L. & Ott-Holland, C. (2014). Career Adaptability: Theory and Measurement. In David Chan’s (Editor) Individual Adaptability to Changes at Work: New Directions in Research (pp. 95-114). (A Volume in the Series in Organizational and Management). New York: Routledge
Kalibatseva, Z., Wu, I. H. C., & Leong, F. T. L. (2014). Assessing depression and suicidality in Asian-Americans. In L. T. Benuto, N. Thaler & B. D. Leany (Eds.), Guide to Psychological Assessment with Asians (pp. 181-198). New York, NY: Springer.
Leong, F.T.L., Eggerth, D. & Flynn, M. (2014). A Life Course Perspective on Immigrant Occupational Health and Well-Being. In Robert Sinclair and Stavroula Leka’s (Editors) Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology. Volume 3 (pp. 97-113). New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
Leong, F.T.L. & Flores, L.Y. (2015). Career Interventions with Racial and Ethnic
Minority Clients. In Paul Hartung, Mark Savickas and Bruce Walsh’s (Editors) APA Handbook of Career Interventions (pp. 225-242). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Leong. F.T.L. , Kalibatseva, Z. & Perera, M. (2015). Suicide among Asian Americans: Review and Recommendations. In Dorian Lamis and Nadine Kaslow’s (Editors), Advancing the Science of Suicidal Behavior: Understanding and Intervention (pp. 305-320). Hauppauge NY Nova Science Publishers.
Leong, F.T.L., Chandra, M. and Chandra, S. (2015). Applying the Portfolio Model of Adaptability: A Career Guide to Managing Academic Environments and Departmental Politics. In Dana S. Dunn’s (Editor) The Oxford Handbook of Undergraduate Psychology Education. (pp. 769-781). New York: Oxford University Press.
Leong, F.T.L., Lee. D. J. and Kalibatseva, Z. (2016). Counseling Asian Americans. In Paul B. Pedersen, Juris G. Draguns, Walter J. Lonner, Joseph E. Trimble & María Scharrón-del Río (Eds). Counseling Across Cultures: Towards Inclusive Cultural Empathy (7th Edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Leong, F.T.L, Bartram, D., Cheung, F.M., Geisinger, K.F. & Iliescu, D. (2016). Introduction and Overview. In Frederick T.L. Leong, Dave Bartram, Fanny M. Cheung, Kurt F. Geisinger, and Dragos Iliescu’s (Editors) ITC International Handbook of Testing and Assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.
Leong, F.T.L, Fan, W.Q. & Zhou, X. (2016). Assessment of Career Interests. In Frederick T.L. Leong, Dave Bartram, Fanny M. Cheung, Kurt F. Geisinger, and Dragos Iliescu’s (Editors) ITC International Handbook of Testing and Assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.
Zane, N., Bernal, G., & Leong. F.T.L. (2016). Afterword: Some Culturally Informed Conclusions. In Nolan Zane, Guillermo Bernal & Frederick T.L. Leong’s (Eds). Evidence-Based Psychological Practice with Ethnic Minorities: Culturally-Informed Research and Clinical Strategies. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Leong. F.T.L. & Kalibatseva, Z. (2016). Threats to cultural validity in clinical diagnosis and assessment: Illustrated with the case of Asian Americans. In Nolan Zane, Guillermo Bernal & Frederick T.L. Leong’s (Eds). Evidence-Based Psychological Practice with Ethnic Minorities: Culturally-Informed Research and Clinical Strategies. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
Leong, F.T.L, Eggerth, D. & Flynn, M. (2017). Preface. In F.T. Leong, D. Eggerth, D. Chang, M. Flynn, K. Ford, & R. Martinez’s (Editors) Occupational Health Disparities: Improving the Well-Being of Ethnic and Racial Minority Workers (pp. xiii-xiv). Washington, D.C. APA Books (APA/MSU Series in Multicultural Psychology)
Leong, F.T., Eggerth, D., Chang, D., Flynn, M.A., Ford, J.K. and Martinez, R.O. (Editors) (2017) Introduction. In F.T. Leong, D. Eggerth, D. Chang, M. Flynn, K. Ford, & R. Martinez’s (Editors) Occupational Health Disparities: Improving the Well-Being of Ethnic and Racial Minority Workers (pp. 3-21). Washington, D.C. APA Books (APA/MSU Series in Multicultural Psychology)
Leong, F.T.L, Chang, C.H., & Mak, S. (2017). Occupational Health Disparities among Asian Americans: Review and Recommendations. In F.T. Leong, D. Eggerth, D. Chang, M. Flynn, K. Ford, & R. Martinez’s (Editors) Occupational Health Disparities: Improving the Well-Being of Ethnic and Racial Minority Workers (pp. 133-157). Washington, D.C. APA Books (APA/MSU Series in Multicultural Psychology)
Leong, F., Priscilla Lui, P., & Kalibatseva, Z. (2019). Multicultural Issues in Clinical
Psychological Assessment. In M. Sellbom & J. Suhr (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of
Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis (Cambridge Handbooks in Psychology, pp. 25-37).
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108235433.003
Leong. F.T.L., Kalibatseva, Z. & Somaraju, A. (2020). Evaluating Measurement Equivalence in Cross-Cultural Stress Research. In Petia Genkova, Tobias Ringeisen, and Frederick T. L. Leong’s (Editors) (Second edition) Handbuch Stress und Kultur: Interkulturelle und kulturvergleichende perspektiven cultural. Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH. (GERMAN).
Leong, F.T.L., Fan, W.Q., Li, M., & Wang, T. (in press). Cross-Cultural Studies of
Career Theories. In Michele Gelfand and Miriam Erez’s Oxford Handbook on Culture and Organizations. New York: Oxford University Press.
Leong, F.T.L, & Chatterjee, D. (in press). Career Psychology and Work in the Asian American Context. In Walsh, W. B., Flores, L.Y., Hartung, P.J. and Leong, F.T.L. (Editors) (in press). Career Psychology: Models, Concepts, and Counseling for Meaningful Employment. Washington, D.C. American Psychological Association.
Leong, F.T.L., Schmitt, N. & Lyons, B.L. (in press). Developing Testable and Important Research Questions. In Harris Cooper, Debra Long, Paul Camic, Richard Gonzalez, Abigail Panter, and Kenneth Sher’s (Editors) APA Handbook of Research Methods and
Leong, F.T. L. (in press). Cross-cultural theories of psychotherapy. In Frederick Leong (Editor in Chief), Michael Constantino, Jeffrey Zimmerman, Jennifer Callahan, and Catherine Eubanks’ (Associate Editors) APA Handbook of Psychotherapy. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association
Leong, F.T. L. Constantino, M., Zimmerman, J., Callahan, J. and Catherine Eubanks, C.,
(in press). Introduction. In Frederick Leong (Editor in Chief), Michael Constantino, Jeffrey Zimmerman, Jennifer Callahan, and Catherine Eubanks’ (Associate Editors) APA Handbook of Psychotherapy. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association
Leong, F.T.L. & Austin, J.T. (in press). Introduction to the Handbook. In F.T.L. Leong
and J.T. Austin’s (Eds.) Psychology research handbook: A guide for graduate students and research assistants. (3rd edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications.
Leong, F.T.L. & Walker, R. (in press). Finding a research topic. In F.T.L. Leong and J.T. Austin’s (Eds.) Psychology research handbook: A guide for graduate students and research assistants (Third Edition). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications.
Leong, F.T.L., Bernal, G., and Buchanan, N. (in preparation). Introduction. In F.T.L.Leong, G. Bernal, and N. Buchanan (Editors). Clinical Psychology of Racial and Ethnic Minorities: Integrating Research and Practice. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
3) Journal Articles
Cheung, F.M., Wan, S.L.Y., Fan, W.Q., Leong, F.T.L. & Mok, P. C.H. (2013). Collective contributions to career efficacy in adolescents: A cross-cultural study.
Journal of Vocational Behavior, 83, 237-244.
Leong, F.T.L. Pearce, M. & Huang, J. L. (2013). Assessing Scientist and Practitioner Orientations in Industrial/Organizational Psychology. Journal of Career Assessment, 21, 452-468.
Leong, F.T.L., Park, Y., & Kalibatseva, Z. (2013). Disentangling immigrant status: An exploration of psychological protective and risk factors among Latino and Asian American immigrants using the NLAAS. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83, 361-371
Gupta, A., Leong, F.T. L. & Valentine, J. (2013). A Meta-Analytic Study: Acculturation and Depression among Asian Americans. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 83, 372-385
Leong, F.T.L. & Mak, S. (2013). Giving Psychology Away as Coaches and Mentors. PsycCRITIQUES, American Psychological Association, vol.58, no. 47, Article 7.
Leong, F.T.L., Huang, J.L., & Mak, S. (2014). Protestant Work Ethic, Confucian Values, and Work-related Attitudes: A Study in Singapore. Journal of Career Assessment, 22, 304-316
Leong, F.T.L. & Mak, S. (2014). Occupational Health Disparities among Asian Americans: A Critical Review with Recommendations. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 5, 44-52
Kalibatseva, Z., Leong, F.T.L., & Ham, E.H. (2014). A Symptom Profile of Depression among Asian Americans: Is There Evidence for the Differential Item Functioning of Depressive Symptoms?. Psychological Medicine, 44, 2567- 2578
Fan, W.Q., Cheung, F.M., Leong, F.T.L. & Cheung, S.F (2014). Contributions
of Family Factors to Career Readiness: A Cross- cultural Comparison. Career Development
Quarterly, 62, 194-209.
Leong, F.T.L., Rosenberg, S., & Chong, S.H.. (2014). A Psychometric Evaluation of Schein’s Career Anchors Inventory. Journal of Career Assessment, 22, 524-538
Kalibatseva, Z. & Leong, F.T.L. (2014). A Critical Review of Culturally Sensitive Treatments for Depression: Recommendations for Intervention and Research. Psychological Services, 11, 433-450
Leong, F.T.L. (2014). Outgoing Editor’s Farewell Remarks. Asian American Journal of
Psychology, 5, 267.
Goforth, A.N., Oka, E.R., Leong, F.T.L., & Denis, D.J. (2014). Acculturation, Acculturative Stress, Religiosity and Psychological Adjustment among Muslim Arab A merican Adolescents. Journal of Muslim Mental Health, 8, 3-19
Gupta, A., Chong, S., & Leong, F.T.L. (2015). Development and Validation of the Vocational Identity Measure. Journal of Career Assessment, 23, 79-90.
Wu, I, Lyons, B. & Leong, F.T.L. (2015). How racial/ethnic bullying affects rejection
sensitivity: The role of social dominance orientation. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21, 156-161.
Leong, T.T.L. (2016). Mapping cross-cultural psychology models and methods onto societal challenges: Focus on psychological mechanisms across levels of analysis. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47, 28-32
Leong, F.T. L. & Tang, M. (2016). Career Barriers for Chinese Immigrants in the United
States. Career Development Quarterly, 64, 259-271
Fan, W.Q. & Leong, F.T.L. (2016). Introduction to Special Issue: Career development and intervention in Chinese contexts. Career Development Quarterly, 64, 192-202
Chandra, S. & Leong, F.T.L. (2016). A diversified portfolio model of adaptability. American Psychologist,
Lui, P.P., Rollock, D., Chang, E.C., Leong, F.T.L., & Zamboanga, B.L. (2016). Big Five Personality and Subjective Well-Being in Asian Americans: Testing Optimism and Pessimism as Moderators. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 7, 274-286.
Leong, F.T.L. , Pickren, W.E., & Vasquez, M. J.T. (2017). APA Efforts in Promoting Human Rights and Social Justice. American Psychologist, 72, 778-790
Escartín, J., Monzani, L., Leong, F., & Rodríguez- Carballeira, A. (2017): A reduced form
of the Workplace Bullying Scale – the EAPA-T-R: A useful instrument for daily diary and experience sampling studies. Work & Stress, 31, 42-62
Chong, S.H. & Leong, F.T.L. (2017). Antecedents of career adaptability in strategic
career management. Journal of Career Assessment, 25, 268280
Kalibatseva, Z., Leong, F.T.L., Ham, E.H., Lannert, B.K., & Chen, Y. (2017). Loss of Face, Intergenerational Family Conflict, and Depression among Asian American and European American College Students. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 8, 126-133
Bathje, G. J., Wu, I. H., Kalibatseva, Z., Sung, D., Leong, F. T. L., & Collins-Eaglin, J. (2017). Stigma, Mental Health, and Counseling Service Use: A Person-Centered Approach to Mental Health Stigma Profiles. Psychological Services, 14, 490-501
Leong, F.T.L., Bryne, B., Hardin, E., Zhang, H. & Chong, S.H. (2018). A psychometric evaluation of the Loss of Face scale. Psychological Assessment, 30, 396-409
Nye, C., Leong, F.T.L., Prasad, J., Gardner, D., & Tien, S. (2018). Examining the Structure of the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale: The Cooperation Dimension and a 5-Factor Model. Journal of Career Assessment, 26, 549-562
Kalibatseva, Z., & Leong, F.T.L. (2018). Cultural factors, depressive, and somatic symptoms among Chinese American and European American college students. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49, 1556-1572.
Leong, F.T.L., Chu, J., & Joshi. S.V. (2018). Guest Editors’ Introduction to Special Issue on
Advancing Our Understanding of Suicide Among Asian Americans. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 9, 247-251
Leong, F.T.L. , Pickren, W.E. & Vasquez, M. J.T. (2019). Complexities in the History of Diversity and Social Justice: Reply to Harvey (2019). American Psychologist, 74, 508-509
Lui, P.P., Samuel, D.B., Rollock, D., Leong, F.T.L., & Chang, E.C., (2020). Measurement invariance of the Five Factor Model of Personality: Facet-level analyses among Euro and Asian Americans. Assessment, 27, 887-902
Leong, F.T.L. (2020). Diversified Portfolio Model of adaptability: A natural history perspective. The Counseling Psychologist 48, 608-624, (Leona Tyler Award address invited article).
Hall, G.N., Berkman, E.T., Zane, N.W., Leong, F.T.L., Hwang, W.C., Nezu, A.M., Nezu, C.,
Hong, J.J., Chu, J.P., Huang, E.R. (2021). Reducing mental health disparities by increasing personal relevance of interventions. American Psychologist, 76, 91-103
Kalibatseva, Z., Bathje, G.J., Bluestein, B., I.G H. C. Wu, I.H.C., Leong, F.T.L. & Collins-Eaglin, J. (2021). Minority status, depression and suicidality among counseling center clients. Journal of American College Health (published online 2020).
Prasad, J., Gardner, D., Leong, F.T.L., Zhang, J.M. & Nye, C., (2021). The predictive validity of Cooperation and the CAAS-5 among working adults in China. Career Development International, 26, 252-268
Li, M., Fan, W.Q. & Leong, F.T.L. (2021). Growth mindset of intelligence reduces
counterproductive workplace behavior: A mediation analysis of occupational stress.
International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 1-8. DOI: 10.1111/ijsa.12347
Fan, W.Q., Li, M., Leong, F.T.L. & Zhou, M.J. (2021). West meets east in a new two
polarities model of personality: Combining self-relatedrelatedness structure with independent and -interdependent functions... Frontiers in Psychology: Social and Personality Psychology, December 2021, Volume 12. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg. 2021. 739900
Fan, W.Q., Leong, F.T.L. Laher, S., Zhou, M.J. & Wang, K. (2021). Guest Editors Introduction:
Indigenous Research of Personality from Perspectives of Globalization and Glocalization. Frontiers in Psychology: Social and Personality Psychology,
Leong, F.T.L., Nye, C., Gardner, D., & Prasad, J., (2023). Career Adapt-Abilities
Scale’s (CAAS-5) predictive and incremental validity with work and life outcomes. Journal of Career Development, 50, 860-882
Leong, F.T.L., Yee, B. W.K. & Chang, E.C. (2023). Advancing Asian American Psychology:
A Decade Review of Models, Methods, and Measures in AAJP
Asian American Journal of Psychology,
Leong, F.T.L., Chopik, W., Somaraju, A., & Kuang, S., (2023). Antecedents of Rowe and
Kahn’s Successful Aging Model for Asian Americans. Asian American Journal of Psychology,
Yan, Y., Goldman-Mellor, S., Leong, F.T. L. and Song, A. (2023). Incidence and
Correlates of Emergency Department Visits for Deliberate Self-Harm among Asian American Youths. Journal of Adolescent Health, 72, 510-518
Li, M.T., Fan, W.Q., and Leong, F.T.L., (2023). Psychometric Assessment of the Grit
Scale: Evidence from US and Chinese samples. Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology, 17, 1-18 https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909221147108